Tracking Foucault's Transforming
Analytics of Power, 1973-76
[CK’s version per the work of the
CGC in PHIL 607, Wtr 2016, ‘Genealogy Workshop’]
[The table below tracks changing
configurations of Foucault's discussions of how to study power from approx. Mar
'73 to Aug '76. An attempt has been made to line up the various different
statements with one another in rows that show approximations, but also
alterations, in vocabulary. Each column focuses on Foucault's explicit
discussions of methodological points in the texts referenced; these are
represented as the enumerated items in each column whilst additional items
culled from other moments of the text are listed in italics and without
enumeration. Note finally that the terminology used in each cell contains
no quotation marks b/c an attempt has been made to draw all technical terms
used in each cell directly from the texts cited.]
Mar ‘73
(Pun. Soc.)
[4 ‘theoretical
schemas’, 227-247)]
|
Dec '73
(Psych. Pwr.)
[3 analytic
shifts from Hist.Mad. (12-16)]
|
Aug ‘74
(D&P, pub'd Feb '75)
[4 'rules'
(23ff)]
|
Jan '75
(Abn.)
['a few [3] methodological
reflections, 42-52]
|
Jan '76
(SMBD)
[5 ‘methodological
precautions’ or ‘imperative commands’, 27-34]
|
Aug '76
(HSv1, pub'd Dec '76)
[ch. on 'Method': ‘a certain number [5] of propositions'
(94-96)]
|
1) Exercised and not possessed or
appropriated (228)
|
In dispersion relays, networks,
reciprocal supports, differences of potential, discrepancies (rather than
possessed) (4)
|
Exercised as strategy not
possessed as property (26)
|
Power is exercised through the disqualification of the
expert (35-36). Exercised over criminals, as mechanism (44).
|
3) Exercised through networks,
never appropriated or a divided possession; circulatory, not applied (29)
Exercised
and exists only in action (14), not possessed, transferred, or alienated (13)
|
1) Exercised from innumerable
points in mobile relations, not acquired, seized, or shared (94)
|
2) Extensive, running through
whole of social, absorptive; not localized, not concentrated (229) [cf. 2
below]
|
Focus on strategy rather than the
family (15) or state (16)
[not sure if this one lines up in
this row?]
|
Techniques
covering entire social body (138)
|
Penetrating
whole social body (87)
|
4) Ascending analysis of
techniques and tactics; not deducing power from the center (30)
1) Capillary, at the extremeties,
embodied in techniques, not at a single center (27)
|
3) Comes from below, not from the
top down (94)
|
3) Constitutive of production, at
the heart of production and labor, not merely reproducing production (231)
|
Disciplinary apparatuses are productive of the
accumulation of men and distribution of labor forces (71-72)
|
Composition of forces (162-9)
|
2) Integrated w/ force (52), not
superstructural to basal force (50)
|
Primarily
a relationship of force, not the perpetuation and renewal of economic
relations (15)
|
[As a more general form of
preceding statements concerning force:] 2) Immanent in other types of
relationships (incl. economic), not superstructural (94; cf. 98)
|
4) bound up with knowledge, not
violence or ideology (234)
|
2a) power a game, not violence
(14); in need of microphysics (16)
1) shift from analytics of
representation to one of formation of discursive practices through
apparatuses of power
|
3) Epistemological- juridical (23)
power produces knowledge (27)
abandon the violence-ideology
opposition (28)
|
3) Functions with formation of a
knowledge that is both its effect and condition (52), not linked to effects
of ignorance (50)
|
5) "The delicate mechanisms
of power cannot function unless knowledge, or rather knowledge apparatuses,
are formed, organized, and put into circulation, and those apparatuses are
not ideological trimmings or edifices" (34)
|
It is in discourse that power and knowledge are joined
together (100)
|
Exclusion is not sufficient; exclusion
happens on the basis of representations that are tactics of power; speaking
just of exclusion obscures the tactics of power which generated
representations (3)
|
Power is a productive instance of
discursive practice; power produces discursive practices (13)
|
1) possible positive effects, not
repressive effects alone (23)
|
1) A fundamentally positive power
(48; cf. plague, 47ff.), not the notion of repression (43; cf. leprosy,
44ff.)
|
A
struggle and continuation of war (Nietzsche), not essentially
repressive (Hegel, Freud, Reich) (15ff.); critical use of ‘repression’ is
spoiled (40)
|
Against
the repressive hypothesis (throughout) and power as negative (83ff.); power
as self-affirmation not enslavement (122ff.); Reich as central target of MF’s
critique (131)
|
| 2) Distinguish power from political structures; focus on micro-instances of power (230) [cf. 2 above] |
2b) Focus on the practical
dispositions of power, before tackling institutions (15); see tactics
(summary on 16)
|
2) Techniques and tactics, not
necessarily from legislation or indicative of social structure (23)
|
The invention of general techniques (government,
sexuality, &c.) that comprise a typical apparatus (48-49), invention of
positive technologies of power.
|
5) Actual instruments,
observational methods, recording techniques, &c. (33)
Techniques
& tactics (34)
|
Not
focused on, or developed through, institutions, but rather crated by
techniques of power present at every level of the social body (141)
|
Evolution of morality is a history of bodies; penality in
terms of the history of relations between political power and bodies (261;
course summary)
|
Power's point of application is
always the body; all power is physical (14)
|
4) Soul is effect of
transformation of body (24)
The soul is the prison of the body
(30)
|
Power invested in body (193)
|
In
the 17th and 18th c. the emergence of techniques of disciplinary
power centered on the body; contrast to biopower of man-as-species (242)
|
A
type of power brought to bear on the body and on sex (47); and also, resistance
through bodies and pleasures (157)
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
2) Where power relates directly
and is invested in real and effective practices, not where power is
intentional; grasp the material agency of subjugation (28)
|
4) Intentional and nonsubjective
because tactical rather than result of choice or decision (94-5)
|
“Civil war is the permanent state on the basis of which a
number of these tactics of struggle… should be understood” (13); cf. also
70-71 CdF ‘LWTK’
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
"Binary
schema of war and struggle" as basis for civil society, esp. "race
struggle" and "class struggle" as "the two great schemata
used to identify the phenomenon of war” (18-19)
|
5) Always paired with resistance,
a mobile and plural and transitory resistance; and no single locus of great
refusal (95-6)
|
| END (for now) | |||||
